07 JACKING (1)
GENERAL
Three jacking points, when equipped with jacking pads, are used to lift
the aircraft. The forward point "A" is located forward of the nose landing
gear. The points "B" are located outboard of the engine pylons. A safety
stay must be positioned at the rear of the aircraft after jacking to stabilize
the aircraft. You can lift the aircraft at the forward jacking point only,
with the wheels of the main landing gear on the ground.
When the aircraft is weighed on landing gear jacks the following jacking
points must be used to lift it.
- 2 jacking points located in the main landing gear,
- 1 jacking point located in the nose landing gear.
LIMITATIONS
The open air jacking operation is limited if the wind velocity exceeds
permissible values which depend on aircraft gross weight and center of
gravity position. In any condition, the aircraft must be pointing upwind.
PRECAUTIONS
Before lifting the aircraft, you must be sure that the ground safety-locks
are in position on the landing gears and the weight of fuel is applied
equally on the two sides of the aircraft centerline. The three jacks have
to be operated together. As soon as the jacking operation is finished,
position the safety stay to stabilize the aircraft. Do not use the safety stay
to lift the aircraft.
JACKING POINTS
Jacking pads have to be used under the jacking points to spread the loads.
08 LEVELING AND WEIGHING (1)
WEIGHING
You can weigh the aircraft with:
- the aircraft on jacks,
- the aircraft on its wheels,
- the aircraft on landing gear jacks.
Load cells on each jack or platform scales are used for weighing.
QUICK LEVELING USING THE ATTITUDE MONITOR
To ensure that excessive side loads are not placed on the jacks and
on the aircraft structure, a quick leveling check must be carried out
during the jacking operation. The procedure consists in operating the
jacks of the aircraft to move the bubble to the D4 position in the
attitude monitor, which is located in the Refuel/Defuel control panel
recess. The D4 position corresponds to a longitudinal angle of 0
degrees and a lateral angle of 0 degrees.
QUICK LEVELING PROCEDURE WITH THE ADIRU
First, follow the Inertial Reference (IR) alignment procedure. Then
on the MCDU scratchpad the alpha call-up code has to be entered:
- PTCH for the pitch angle to do a check of the longitudinal alignment,
- ROLL for the roll angle to do a check of the transverse alignment.
To start this procedure, first of all the aircraft must be lifted. After
that, read the pitch and roll angles in the MCDU scratchpad.
Then operate the hydraulic jack below the wing to get the transverse
alignment.
Then operate the forward hydraulic jack to get the longitudinal
alignment.
When you have done the longitudinal alignment, do a check of the
transverse alignment.
09 TOWING AND TAXIING (1)
TOWING
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS
Obey the warning and cautions before, during and after to tow or
pushback the A/C.
09 TOWING AND TAXIING (1)
TOWING WITH THE NOSE GEAR FROM THE FRONT
This film describes how to push the A/C rearwards or tow the A/C
forwards with the nose gear.
The A/C may be towed or pushed back:
- at maximum ramp weight,
- with the engines shut down or running at idle.
To begin the procedure, make sure:
- that the safety devices are installed on the landing gears (L/G),
- the wheel chocks are in place,
- and check if the parking brake is ON.
Do not tow the A/C if the dimension H is more than 300 mm (11.8
in). If you do, you can cause damage to the internal centering cams
of the nose landing gear (NLG).
Referring to your A/C maintenance manual, make sure that the A/C
is stable. Let us suppose that this procedure has been correctly done.
During this procedure, depending on the configuration you are in, the
A/C needs to be energized either by using the APU, a specific ground
cart, an engine running, or by using the tractor itself. Let us suppose
that the A/C is already energized and the EIS start procedure done.
Outside, on the nose wheel steering deactivation electrical-box, set
the ground-towing control lever to the towing position and install the
pin.
In the cockpit,
- on the upper ECAM page, the "Nose.WHEEL STEERinG
DISConnected" message comes into view on the memo page.
- check on the Yellow brake-pressure triple-indicator that the
accumulator pressure pointer is in the green range.
We recommend pressurizing the yellow hydraulic system using the
yellow electrical pump, thus, the braking system will be more efficient
and safer. Now, we have to install the tow bar.
CAUTION: Caution: make sure that the tow bar has:
- a damping system
- a calibrated shear pin
- two calibrated turn shear pins.
This is to prevent high loads causing damage to the L/G.
Refer to your A/C maintenance manual for the calibration of these
pins.
On the NLG, install the tow bar on the tow fitting and connect the
tow bar to the tractor.
CAUTION: Caution: put the parking brake control switch in the off
position before you tow or push back the A/C. This is to
prevent high loads causing damage to the NLG.
On the Yellow brake-pressure triple-indicator, the brakes pressure
pointers go down.
In the cockpit, set the lighting system:
- set the exterior light navigation and logo switch to ON.
- at night, set the interior light dome switch to bright and if the
anti-collision lighting is necessary for the local airport regulations or
the airline procedures, set the exterior light beacon switch to ON.
On the VHF system:
- in order to communicate with the control tower during towing
operations, release out the VHF pushbutton switch and select the
control tower frequency on the radio management panel.
- in order to communicate with the ground mechanics, on the audio
control panel, set the interphone radio switch to the interphone position
and release out the interphone reception pushbutton.
For safety reasons, a distance of 3 meters (10 ft) must be kept clear
around the nose wheels, tow bar and tractor when the aircraft moves.
Towing speed limitation depends on the position of the passenger/crew
and cargo doors. For these speed limitations refer to your A/C
maintenance manual.
The maximum permitted steering angle on each side of the A/C
centerline is 95 degrees. When you use the front fittings to push the
A/C rearwards with engine at idle this angle is limited to 40 degrees.
At this point, be sure that all warnings and cautions of your A/C
maintenance manual procedure and previous precautions are applied.
Now, the A/C can be towed slowly and smoothly. Two other persons
have to monitor the wing tips during the towing operation and one
person is required in the cockpit in order to operate the brakes.
When you complete the towing operation, make sure that the nose
wheels are aligned with the A/C centerline.
Inform the cockpit to apply the parking brake, and check that the
parking brake light is ON on the nose wheel steering deactivation
electrical-box.
Put the wheel chocks in position.
Disconnect the tow bar from the nose gear fittings. On the nose wheel
steering deactivation electrical-box, remove the safety pin and set the
ground-towing control lever to the normal position. At the same time,
in the cockpit, on the ECAM memo display the message "N.WHEEL
STEERG DISC" disappears.
On the lighting system:
- reset the exterior light beacon and navigation & logo switches to
OFF.
- reset the interior light dome switch to OFF.
On the communication system:
- cut the cockpit/control tower VHF link by pressing in the VHF
pushbutton on the radio management panel.
- reset the interphone radio switch to the neutral position.
Depressurize the yellow hydraulic system, do the EIS stop procedure
and de-energize the A/C electrical circuits.
TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS
TURNING RADII
The movement of the aircraft with its power on the ground is called
taxi of the aircraft. During taxi of the aircraft, the minimum turning
radii must be respected.
TAXIING AND ASSOCIATED PRECAUTIONS (continued)
DANGER AREAS
Safety precautions must be taken to avoid danger from engine suction
and exhaust areas. Access to the engine is only allowed through the
entry corridor. Note that the entry corridor must be closed for wind
directions greater than 90º. There is no safe access corridor when the
engine is running above minimum idle. Depending on the distance
from the running engine and on its power setting, it is necessary to
wear ear protection and to respect the maximum time exposure.
10 PARKING AND MOORING (1)
GENERAL
This module covers the following subjects of the aircraft:
- parking, not more than 2 days,
- storage,
- and mooring of the landing gears.
The module is destined to cover the entire Single Aisle Airbus family,
which includes the A319, A320 and A321 airplanes.
PARKING (NOT MORE THAN 2 DAYS)
This section gives the procedure to park the aircraft in standard weather
conditions but:
- if the aircraft is parked in high wind conditions, a check of the aircraft
stability is needed, and moor the aircraft if necessary,
- if the aircraft is parked in cold weather conditions, do the cold weather
maintenance procedures.
PARKING PROCEDURE
To park the aircraft follow these tasks:
- If necessary, clean the aircraft.
- Park the aircraft on a flat surface. Make sure that the wheels of the
nose landing gear are on the aircraft axis and the aircraft points into
the wind.
- Install the safety devices on the landing gears.
- Make sure that the flight control surfaces are retracted.
- Put the wheel chocks in position:
- for the NLG, in front of and behind the wheels,
- for the MLG, in front of and behind wheels.
- Ground the aircraft.
- If necessary refuel the fuel tanks to 30% minimum of their total
capacity.
- Drain water from all the fuel tanks.
- Open the cockpit and cabin window shades. Make sure that the
sliding windows are closed.
- Installation of the Protection Equipment: Protect all the probes, the
engines and the APU with adapted protection equipment.
- On the overhead panel 25VU, on the CABIN PRESS section, push
the DITCHING pushbutton switch to close the ventilation skin valves
and the outflow valves.
STORAGE PROCEDURE
Certain maintenance tasks must be performed to prepare the aircraft for
storage. See AMM.
During the storage period, periodic ground checks must be performed.
See AMM.
Certain tasks must be performed to return the aircraft to operation after
the storage. See AMM.
MOORING OF THE AIRCRAFT
The purpose of mooring is to prevent damage to the aircraft on the ground
in high wind conditions.
For wind speeds less than 50 kts:
- mooring is not necessary if the aircraft configuration is in the limits
given in chapter 05-57-00.
If the aircraft points into the wind and wind speed is:
- between 50 and 70 Kts, moor the aircraft at the NLG,
- more than 70 Kts, moor the aircraft at the NLG and MLG.
If the aircraft does not point into the wind or the direction of the wind is
not stable:
- for wind speeds or gusts more than 50 Kts, moor the aircraft at the NLG
and the MLG.
11 PLACARDS AND MARKINGS (1)
The ATA 11 gives the location and illustrations of the placards, stencils
and markings on the A/C (internal or external side).
The placards and markings on the A/C give the data and instructions
related to safety and maintenance.
Some of these placards and markings are necessary to obey the regulation
used for the Airbus aircraft type certification (JAR 25). There are
identified by a flag note as follows:
NOTE (1) REQUIRED BY REGULATION.
This example is extracted from the AMM chapter 11-21-52: Passenger
Door.s
A/C SERVICING ARRANGEMENT
12 SERVICING (1)
The graphic shows the access to the aircraft by various servicing
equipment. The A318 fuselage is shorter than the rest of the single aisle
aircraft. Due to the removal of 2.39 meters or 1.5 frames of the forward
fuselage, the aft edge of the forward cargo compartment door now is in
close proximity to the engine air intake nose cowl. When using a self
propelled conveyor belt, there is a possibility of structural damage to the
nose cowl because of the clearance.
NOTE: Note: The use of a self-propelled conveyor belt is not
recommended by Airbus.
The main difference between the A318/A319 and the A320/A321
servicing arrangement is that the A320 and A321 can have a bulk loader
on the bulk cargo door.
20 STANDARD PRACTICES - GENERAL (1)
MAINTENANCE EXTERNAL VISIT (1)
This film presents the A321 outside safety inspection and cockpit
Check-List (CL) to be performed before powering the A/C for
maintenance purposes. Various main stations have been defined. The
inspection starts with the nose station. First verify that the NLG chocks
are in place. Then, observe that the NLG doors are closed. Make sure
that the NLG safety pin is installed. The NLG steering pin must be as
required. Finally, verify that the A/C is electrically grounded. The second
step consists of inspecting the right MLG. Start by checking that the
MLG door is closed. Then, verify that the MLG safety sleeve is installed.
Lastly, observe that the MLG chocks are in place. Let us continue with
the right engine station, the first thing to do is to make sure that the engine
right side access doors are secured. The same must be done for the left
side. Check that the engine fan cowls and thrust reverser cowls are
secured. The right wing is the 4th station. Observe the position of the slats
and then, the flaps. The spoilers must be retracted. Then move to the left
wing station. Here again observe the position of the flaps and then, the
slats. Although make sure that the spoilers are retracted. The next step
is the left engine station. Check that the engine right side access doors
are secured. Then pass around the engine to verify that the left side access
doors are secured. Make sure that the engine fan cowls and thrust reverser
cowls are secured. Proceed with the left MLG station. The Ram Air
Turbine (RAT) safety device must be in the stowed position. Continue
by checking that the MLG door is closed and that the MLG safety sleeve
is installed. Before moving on, observe that the MLG chocks are in place.
In the A/C area station you have to make sure that the A/C area is clean
and clear of tools and any other items. Now you have to check the 9th
station: the external power receptacle. Verify that the external power is
connected and available. Finally enter the cockpit for the last station.
Start by checking the rear and the overhead circuit breaker, then have a
look to the emergency equipment. This consists in: verifying that the escape ropes are present, observing that the fire extinguisher is in position,
making sure that the cockpit is equipped with smoke hoods, checking
that the fire protective gloves are present, ensuring the crash axe is in
position, checking that the cockpit is equipped with life vest, verifying
that the oxygen masks are present, observing that the flash lights are in
position. You must then make sure that the wipers are off. BATtery 1
and 2 P/BSW must be off and their voltage should be about 25 volts.
Proceed by setting the BAT1 P/BSW to AUTO. Then, set the BAT2
P/BSW to AUTO, check that the right hand dome light is on. Verify that
the speed brake handle is in the RETract disarm position. If the speed
brake handle disagrees with the surface position maintenance action is
due. On the center pedestal make sure that the thrust levers are in the idle
position. Engine master switches 1 and 2 must be in the OFF position
and the engine ignition mode selector in the NORMal position. Observe
that the flap handle is set according to surface position. If engine reverse
cowls have to be opened for maintenance action, the slats must to be
retracted. Still on the center pedestal, check that the radar is off, also
verify that the ATC transponder is off. Make sure that the gravity gear
extension crank handle is in the reset stowed position. On the instrument
panel observe that the three green triangles on the LanDinG GEAR panel
are on. The control safety check list should now have been accomplished.
On the overhead panel set the EXTernal PoWeR P/BSW to ON, also set
the GENerator 1 P/BSW to on and the GEN2 P/SW to ON. Scan and
check that no amber lights are on except GEN1 and 2 FAULT light on
panel 44VU. The GALY & CAB P/BSW should be as required. Finally
verify that there is no light on the VENTilation panel. The A/C is now
ready for maintenance.
NOTE: This film shows an A321 but the procedure is also valid for
A319 and A320 aircrafts.
STEP BY STEP
The following topics develop step by step the previous film presentation.
NOSE STATION AND EXTERNAL POWER RECEPTACLE
To the station 1, in first, verify that the NLG chocks are in place. Then,
observe that the NLG doors are closed. Make sure that the NLG safety
pin is installed. The steering pin must be as required. Finally, verify that
the A/C is electrically grounded.
NOTE: The A/C can also be grounded from the MLG.
For the station 9, verify that the external power is connected and available.
RIGHT AND LEFT ENGINE STATION
RIGHT AND LEFT ENGINE SIDE ACCESS DOORS
On station 3, the first thing to do is to make sure that the engine right
and left side access doors are secured. The same must be done on
station 6.
RIGHT AND LEFT MLG STATION
The station 2 and 7 consist of inspecting the Right (R) and Left (L) MLG.
Start by checking that the MLG door is closed. Then, verify that the MLG
safety sleeve is installed. Finally, observe that the MLG chocks are in
place.
To the left station, the Ram Air Turbine (RAT) stowed position safety
device must be installed.
RIGHT AND LEFT ENGINE STATION (continued)
ENGINE FAN COWLS AND THRUST REVERSER
COWLS
Check that the engine fan cowls are secured.
Check that the thrust reverser cowls are secured.
ENGINE FAN COWLS AND THRUST REVERSER
COWLS
Check that the engine fan cowls are secured.
Check that the thrust reverser cowls are secured.
RIGHT AND LEFT WING STATION
The R and L wing are the 4 and 5 stations. Confirm the position of the
slats and then, the flaps. The spoilers must be retracted.
AIRCRAFT AREA
In the A/C area station 8, you have to make sure that the A/C area is clean
and clear of tools, other items and FOD.
COCKPIT STATION
REAR AND OVERHEAD C/B PANELS
Start by checking that the rear C/Bs and the overhead C/Bs are in
closed position.
COCKPIT STATION (continued)
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
Then, have a look the emergency equipment. This consists in verifying
that the escape ropes are present, observing that the fire extinguisher
is in position, making sure that the cockpit is equipped with smoke
hoods, checking that the fire protective gloves are present, ensuring
that the crash axe is in position, checking that the cockpit is equipped
with life vests, verifying that the oxygen masks are present and
observing that the flash lights are in position.
PEDESTAL PANEL CHECK LIST
On the center pedestal, verify that the speed brake handle is in the
retract/disarm position. If the speed brake handle disagrees with the
surface position, maintenance action is due. Make sure that the thrust
levers are in the IDLE position.
ENG MASTER SWs 1 and 2 must be in the OFF position and the
engine ignition mode selector in the NORMal position.
Observe that the flap handle is set according to surface position.
If engine reverser cowls have to be opened for maintenance action,
the slats must be retracted.
Check that the radar is off. Also, verify that the Air Traffic Control
(ATC) transponder is off.
Make sure that the gravity gear extension handle is in the reset and
stowed position.
OVERHEAD PANEL CHECK LIST AND A/C POWER
SUPPLY
You must then make sure that the wipers are off. BATteries 1 & 2
P/BSWs must be OFF and the voltage should be about 25 volts.
Proceed by setting the BAT 1 P/BSW to AUTO position. Then, set
the BAT 2 P/BSW to AUTO position.
NOTE: if BAT voltage is below 25V, a charging cycle of 20
minutes is required.
Check that the right hand dome light is on.
A/C power supply procedure:
On the overhead panel, set the EXTernal PoWeR P/BSW to ON. Also,
set the GEN 1 P/BSW to ON and the GEN 2 P/BSW to ON.
Scan and check that no amber lights are on except GENerator (GEN)
1 and GEN 2 FAULT lights on panel 35VU.
The GALY & CAB P/BSW should be as required. Finally, verify
there is no light on the ventilation panel.
The A/C is now ready to maintenance
MAIN INSTRUMENT PANEL CHECK LIST AND
CONTROLS SAFETY CHECK LIST COMPLETED
On the instrument panel, make sure that the L/G lever is in the down
position and confirm that the three green arrows on the L/G panel are
on. The control safety CL should now have been accomplished.
GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS
The World Airlines Technical Operations Glossary (WATOG) definition
of Ground Support Equipment (GSE) is:
equipment required on the ground to support the operation and
maintenance of the aircraft and all its airborne equipment.
Airbus divides GSE into two categories:
- tools,
- standard GSE.
Tools can be split into two categories:
- standard tools,
- specific tools.
STANDARD TOOLS
Standard tools are hand tools such as spanners, sockets, gauges, torque
wrenches...
The specifications (size, range, capacity, accuracy...) are given in the
related Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) task to let operators use
the tool brand of their choice.
Standard tools for Aircraft Maintenance are all in US units.
Metric tools maybe required for shop maintenance.
They are not required for aircraft maintenance but will be required to
maintain Airbus specific tools and, in some cases, for aircraft
component maintenance in the shop.
SPECIFIC TOOLS
Specific tools are tools designed by Airbus or by its vendors to carry
out given maintenance tasks on the aircraft or one of its components.
All maintenance tools for "on - aircraft" maintenance such as the
AMM, Trouble Shooting Manual (TSM)... and for "off - aircraft"
maintenance such as the Component Maintenance Manual (CMM)
are found in the Support Equipment Summary (SES) document.
The SES covers all Airbus aircraft types and all associated
documentation.
If a tool does not appear in the SES it is not a tool for Airbus aircraft
or equipment.
All specific tools called up for "on - aircraft" maintenance in the AMM
and the TSM are illustrated in the Tool Equipment Manual (TEM).
GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS (continued)
STANDARD GSE
Airbus considers as standard GSE any GSE which is not designed for
a specific aircraft type, but it can/could be used on a number of
different aircraft types.
Standard GSE includes, but is not limited: tow bars, axle/wheel change
jacks, tripod maintenance jacks, access platforms, hydraulic ground
carts, electrical power units, etc...
SAFETY ITEMS
When you work on aircraft, make sure that you obey all the AMM safety
procedures. This will prevent injury to persons and/or damage to the
aircraft
The following terms are used in the AMM and are defined as follows:
WARNING: call attention to the use of material, processes, methods,
procedures or limits, which must be followed precisely to
avoid injury or death to persons.
CAUTION: call attention to methods and procedures, which must be
followed to avoid damage to equipment.